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This large-scale network meta-analysis pooled data from 149 randomised controlled trials involving over 13,000 cancer patients to compare the effectiveness of different exercise types on quality of life. Researchers used a Bayesian network meta-analysis approach combined with dose-response modelling to rank interventions and identify optimal exercise quantities.
Among all exercise modalities assessed, Qigong and Tai Chi ranked among the highest alongside high-intensity interval training and combined aerobic and resistance training. A particularly notable finding was that Qigong and Tai Chi achieved significant quality-of-life improvements at relatively low exercise doses — around 750 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week — suggesting these mind-body practices may be especially efficient compared with more intensive regimens. The overall dose-response relationship across all exercise types was nonlinear, with the modelled peak effect occurring at approximately 2,000 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week.
The authors acknowledge that the dose estimates are model-derived and require confirmation through prospective trials before being applied as firm clinical recommendations. Nevertheless, the findings suggest Qigong and Tai Chi may be particularly well suited to cancer rehabilitation settings where patients may have limited physical capacity or energy reserves, offering meaningful benefit without requiring high exercise volumes.
Conclusion: Qigong and Tai Chi ranked among the most effective exercise interventions for improving quality of life in cancer patients, and may achieve these benefits at lower exercise doses than other modalities.
Source: Hui Z, Li L, Zhang Y and colleagues. BMC cancer (2026). View on PubMed (PMID 42907815) · doi:10.1186/s12885-026-17109-5