Stomach 28 (ST 28) Shui Dao — Waterway

This point, on the lower abdomen, promotes water metabolism, benefits the bladder and uterus and relieves oedema.

Stomach 28 (ST 28) Shui Dao 水道 — Waterway

Location

On the lower abdomen, 3 cun inferior to the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Anatomy

On the rectus abdominis; the inferior epigastric artery; the twelfth intercostal nerve and the iliohypogastric nerve.

Actions & Functions

  • Promotes water metabolism and benefits the bladder
  • Benefits the uterus and the lower burner

Indications

Oedema, difficult urination, lower abdominal distension, and gynaecological disorders including dysmenorrhoea and infertility.

Needling

0.7-1.2 cun, perpendicular insertion.

Moxibustion Suitability

Suitable for moxibustion.

Point Combinations

With CV-3 and SP-9 for urinary disorders and oedema.

Classical Text References

Used for water metabolism and lower-burner disorders.

Cautions & Contraindications

Caution in pregnancy.

Latest Research

Latest peer-reviewed research on this point will be summarised here, with citations linked to PubMed, via our research integration.

About Attilio

Doctor of Chinese medicine, acupuncture expert and author of My Fertility Guide and My Pregnancy Guide.

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PubMed research

Acupuncture Shows Sustained Benefits for Chronic Daily Headache Prevention in Adults, Meta-Analysis Finds

Research summary (Acupuncture): Utility of Acupuncture Therapy for Adult Chronic Daily Headache Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. - Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2026.